The efficient idealization of scientific research depends on a sequence of steps that will establish the structural body to a specific study. Seeking to validate a hypothesis, shortly after the first elaborations of the study, like the analysis of variables and its measurement, it is essential to think about which research strategy will be used to achieve the research's objective and responding the research question.
There are five types of research strategies that can be considered as descriptive research, correlational research, and experimental study. Through each approach is possible to obtain different unambiguous explanations analyzing a variable as its correlation with other variables as well.
These strategies can be used to evaluate one variable like how many hours a child is exposed to a TV content (The Descriptive Research Strategy) or to analyze the correlation between several variables in the same study as the examination of the relationship between obesity and the level of education in women population (The nonexperimental Research Strategy), for example. All the methodology used as a strategy to implement the plan of how the research question will be answered is called the research design.
An efficient research design will ensure that the collected data will be reliable to adequately address the research problem logically and as unambiguously as possible achieving the goal of the researcher. Although is necessary that the analyses enable the research to amplify his results to a large population to the validity of the study. The validity is related to the accuracy of what its results were obtained promoting the quality and effectiveness of the results. The external validity is related in which extense the results can be applied to the general population as a whole, keeping the same results under the different conditions like in a different environment as another country, for example. The internal validity is associated with the impact of an independent variable on the group under study since it is more restrictive and specific. The relation of cause-and-effect between two variables does not admit another possibility as a result like a valid research study demonstrating that the decrease of sleeping hours during the night cause a lack of concentration, for example.
It is fundamental to say that poorly designed research tools, the use of wrong sample techniques and states inadequate generalizations can threats the validity of some studies and disqualify potential results.
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