As the previous chapter of the book Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind (2016) highlights, more than one part of the brain is needed to the simplest human achievement. Providing substantial information about how visual perception, chapter three offers us a broader view of how of our multi-specialized areas of the brain enable us to make use of several mechanisms that seek to guarantee our survivor and interfere in the way that we interact with everything that surrounds us.
Is acknowledged that many brain areas are involved in handling aspects of vision such as spatial perception, color, depth, and motion, for example. Most of the brain processes related to vision occur at the same time, in what is called Parallel Processing. The visual system controlled by the brain permits us to realize that an ordinary task like pouring tea in a cup, requires some distinct specialized operations that are processed in different areas of the brain, more precisely, in the separate cortex areas. Through parallel processing, brain areas handle different stimulus at the same time allowing that multiples influences can act among multiple systems, in some ways working as a guide to later analysis of visual perception, like the interpretations of three-dimensional shapes, for instance.
The Parallel Processing system starts to occur in a more fundamental step when any vision process is launched. Rods and Cones are the primary photoreceptors localized in the retina that respond distinctively to the variety of income light levels. These structures stimulate bipolar cells that excite ganglions cells spread across the retina, which extremities form the optic nerve, that carries the visual information to the LGN, a specific area of the Thalamus that posteriorly stimulates different areas of the cortex involved in the visual perception. Inside the optic nerve, different sizes of cells: P and M, are specialized in different types of visual analysis of perception, like form, motion, and depth.
Primary visual process includes eye focusing, the ability to see an object clearly, including , shift focus between objects at different distances, and eye teaming, that means the ability to direct both eyes to fixate on the same object that combined by your brain giving to people the depth perception, Those vision skills can be impaired in cases of brain injury. Although, within a healthy brain, those common mechanisms are possible through the Pathways that connect information from the primary visual cortex localized at the back of the head and transmitted to the inferotemporal cortex (what pathway) and to posterior parietal cortex (where pathway).
The existence of these multiple anatomic specialized pathways devoted to vision emphasizes the fact that visual processes depend on many brain sites, which each one performs a specialized type of analysis at the same moment. The division of labor by the brain is possible to its coordination in developing an integrated system that complements each other with all the processed information as is called as “the binding problem”, which endorses the ability that the brain has to integrate the perceptual world using different information in parallel.
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