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Chapter 8 - When our good memory can also betray us

Normally our memories are very accurate, and when asked, most people can make significant recollections full of details about several events of their past. Talking about early childhood or work experiences, for example, can be seen as a good way to measure how well your memory can be if you are in your elderly years. However, even young people can easily forget several pieces of information that they had any previous contact a couple of weeks ago, like the name of that famous Netflix series recommended by a friend.  Some theories have been tested helping us to understand why memory can oscillate working as a video recorder in some situations while in other moments, that same memory also leads people to believe that "perhaps" they are just starting to experience the first symptoms of Alzheimer even if they are on top of their youth.

Fortunately, evidence from research in this field has shown that most of the time our memory is capable of recalling with confidence facts that we need to retrieve along life than the opposite. This conclusion ratifies the large capacity of the brain in storage many kinds of information that once understood and learned, are kept in the long term memory forever.  This important capacity to access memory and retrieve information is possible through the many memory connections that we make in our life experience interlacing facts, impressions and perspectives about everything, creating bits of information that are grouped as different nodes according to their theme promoting a vast memory network. Memory connections create uncountable retrieval paths making the process to get the needed information easier to us. Furthermore,  to put our memory on track, we always get considerable advantages from our schematic knowledge, that keeps our awareness of what normally occurs in different situations that we experience. These schemata fill gaps in our recollection flaws, increasing our capacity to cover the context by the regularities present in the schematic knowledge as for when we miss little details about an episode promoting a better recollection of the whole fact.

Memory connections are effective to help us to function as a perfect electronic device,  retaining all the relevant, needed pieces of information like passwords numbers, for instance. Although, these connections are possibly interrelated in the same node that contains similar bits of information creating an opportunity to blend all together in such a way that makes misremembering possible. This example explains why you end up blocking your credit card after three unsuccessful attempts. This situation gives a clue that your memory is also error-prone and sometimes can surprisingly betray you even if you try to remember the last episode that you had to use those numbers as hard as possible. Memory errors like this make us understand that the lack of boundaries between all knowledge that we have stocked in our brain can suffer from the interwoven links between bits of information. It makes that our memory can be influenced by wrong associations due to the array of sources in a negative way.  It happens when eventually one element of one kind of memory be transplanted to another memory, creating confusion about what really took part in the real situation, representing the cost that we have to pay to maintain all interconnections that support memory.

Memory errors in many ways enabling people to undermine memory accuracy inducing several recollection mistakes, through adding or subtracting elements in an attempt to make sense of a fact that fits in its proper schemata.  Looking for regularizing some error, our memories tend to rely on the normal scheme of things misrepresenting the past unfolded, like for example when we retrieve information about one specific classroom, keeping in mind all the regular aspects of how the representation of all classrooms really is. The second important consideration here is that false memories can be produced due to given misinformation which induces an interpretive error of the participant manipulating their memory recollection.  Researchers suggest that memories can suffer interference by the way that questions about a past event are formulated or limiting the answers on two false bases over the true fact, forcing the participants to incorporate the misleading information on their recollections based in some kind of false pieces of information.  Indeed, after a few trials, that false information was incorporated in their recollections, indicating that subtle procedures can be used to plant false information in someone's memory independently of their intelligence's level, characterizing a misinformation effect. 

It is important to acknowledge that the study of these different patterns of people's memory is an important consideration to understand important issues like those involving the justice system. Reliability of eyewitnesses, children testimony and false confession are some important points under what the improving of further studies about memory should be considered to reunite substantial evidence of how memory can be affected positively to avoid more injustices in this area.










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