Entry 3

        After the 4th day of conception, a rudimentary neural tube starts to progress in the most initial human life development phase. Therefore, if the nervous system's basic structures start during the first months of pregnancy, it is this crucial first period of nervous system development that abnormalities related to the neural structure will occur. There are some distinct congenital problems caused by a defect in an embryo's early neural tube development. However, Spina Bifida and Anencephaly are the most frequent ones. 

Physical abnormalities like Spina bifida occur because the primary cellular structure, the neural plate, that is genetically programmed to close like a tube does not fuse appropriately longwise and remains open at a particular distal point, generally, in the inferior part the would evolve as the spinal cord. The defect makes that the very delicate part of the spine that should be protected by bones, like meninges, nerves, and medulla, would be exposed, causing diverse tragic outcomes as paralysis of the inferior organs and members, for example. Anencephaly is also a congenital defect caused by the defective connection of the neural plate's ridges, particularly in the rudimentary neural tube's superior part, preventing any brain from flourishing.

Although there is no single answer to point as a cause of such problems, it is widely acknowledged that folic acid is the major risk factor for these defects (Pereira & Santos, 2007). Due to its fundamental role in cellular multiplication, folic acid supplements' recommendation during the first months of pregnancy becomes extremely necessary to prevent abnormalities in the embryo. It significantly enhances the chances of a healthy newborn baby in the future. 

Reference 

Santos, L. M., Pereira, M. Z. (2007). The Effect of folic acid fortification on reduction of neural tube defects. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 23(1), 17-24.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2007000100003